HYDROGEN BONDING CHARACTERISTICS OF ACID-ACID BLEND MEMBRANES BASED ON THE SULFONATED Poly (ETHER ETHER KETONE) (SPEEK) AND SULFONATED Poly (ETHER SULFONE) (SPES) WERE INVESTIGATED UNDER DIFFERENT WATER CONTENT CONDITIONS USING MD SIMULATIONS METHODS. SIMULATION RESULTS HAVE SHOWN THAT HYDROGEN BONDING INTERACTIONS WERE FORMED BETWEEN SULFONIC ACID GROUPS OF SPEEK AND SPES WITH WATER MOLECULES AND HYDRONIUM IONS, AND ALSO AMONG WATER MOLECULES AND HYDRONIUM IONS. WITH AN INCREASE IN WATER CONTENT, THE NUMBER OF SULFONIC ACID-WATER HYDROGEN BONDS WAS INCREASED WHILE THAT OF SULFONIC ACID-HYDRONIUM IONS WAS FOUND TO DECREASE. FURTHERMORE, THE CALCULATION OF WATER COORDINATION NUMBER FOR WATER AND HYDRONIUM IONS SUGGESTED THE FORMATION OF HYDROGEN BOND NETWORK INSIDE THE HYDRATED STRUCTURE OF SPEEK-SPES BLEND MEMBRANE.

Poly (ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE)S (PESS) ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR EXCELLENT THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. TWO SERIES OF NOVEL Poly (ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE)S WERE PREPARED USING DIRECT COPolyMERIZATION OF 3, 3'-DISULFONATED-4, 4'-DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE AS SYNTHESIZED SULFONATED DIHALIDE IN COMPANION WITH 4, 4'-DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE AS NONSULFONATED DIHALIDE MONOMER WITH HYDROQUINONE OR 4, 4'-(4, 4'-SULFONYLBIS-(1, 4-PHENYLENE)BIS(OXY))DIPHENOL) AS DIOL. COPolyMERS WERE SYNTHESIZED WITH CONTROLLED DEGREES OF SULFONATION (40, 50 %). 1H-NMR AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY WERE USED FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF PREPARED PolyMERS. DYNAMIC MECHANICAL THERMAL ANALYSIS AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS WERE APPLIED FOR INVESTIGATION AND COMPARISON OF THEIR PROPERTIES. THE PolyMERS SHOWED POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AS MEMBRANE OF FUEL CELL.

IN THIS ARTICLE NANOCOMPOSITE BLENDS OF FULLY SULFONATED Poly (ETHER KETONE) (PEK) AND NON-SULFONATED Poly (ETHER SULFONE) (PES) WERE PREPARED FROM DUAL ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS. SEPIOLITE AS NANOPARTICLE WAS JUST DISPERSED IN NON-SULFONATED PES MATRIX TO PREVENT BARRIER EFFECTS OF NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PROTON IN THESE PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES. THE SPECIAL PRODUCING TECHNIQUE OF THESE MEMBRANES (USING DUAL ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS AND MELTING JUST NON-SULFONATED SEPIOLITE DISPERSED FIBERS) RESULTED MEMBRANES IN WHICH IONIC PATHS (FIBERS OF FULLY SULFONATED PEK) WERE EMBEDDED IN A SEPIOLITE DISPERSED NON-IONIC MATRIX. THE PRESENCE OF THESE IONIC CHANNELS WAS PROVED BY STAINED TRANSMITTANCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (STEM). THE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ALSO WATER ABSORPTION, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, AND PROTON CONDUCTIVITY OF THESE HYDROPHILIC/HYDROPHOBIC PHASE SEPARATED MEMBRANES WERE MEASURED AND COMPARED IN DIFFERENT SEPIOLITE AND SULFONATED FIBER CONTENTS.

NOVEL Poly (ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE) S WERE PREPARED USING DIRECT COPolyMERIZATION OF 3, 3' -DISULFONATED- 4, 4' -DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE AS SYNTHESIZED SULFONATED DIHALIDE IN COMPANION WITH 4, 4' -DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE AS NONSULFONATED DIHALIDE MONOMER WITH 2, 7-NAPHTALENE DIOL. COPolyMERS WERE SYNTHESIZED WITH CONTROLLED DEGREES OF SULFONATION (40, 50 %). 1H-NMR AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY WERE USED FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF PREPARED PolyMERS. DYNAMIC MECHANICAL THERMAL ANALYSIS AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS WERE APPLIED FOR INVESTIGATION AND COMPARISON OF THEIR PROPERTIES. COPolyMERS SHOWED ACCEPTABLE PROPERTIES AS PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FOR FUEL CELLS. ION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF MEMBRANES WAS BETWEEN 0.74 AND 1.47 MEQ/G. MEMBRANES SHOWED PROTON CONDUCTIVITIES INCREASED BY INCREASING IN DEGREE OF SULFONATION AND REACHED TO 0.07 S/CM. THE PolyMERS SHOWED POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AS MEMBRANE OF FUEL CELL.

A NOVEL SULFONE ETHER DIAMINE WAS SYNTHESIZED VIA THREE-STEP REACTIONS. AFTER COMPLETE CHARACTERIZATION, THREE DIFFERENT KINDS OF Poly (SULFONE ETHER IMIDE) S WERE PREPARED BY SOLUTION PolyCONDENSATION OF SYNTHESIZED DIAMINE WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AROMATIC DIANHYDRIDES INCLUDING PYROMELLITIC DIANHYDRIDE (PMDA), BENZOPHENONE TETRACARBOXYLIC DIANHYDRIDE (BTDA), AND HEXAFLUOROISOPROPYLIDENE DIPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE (6FDA). THE STRUCTURE OF SYNTHESIZED COMPOUNDS, MONOMER, AND PREPARED PolyMERS WAS CHARACTERIZED USING 1H-NMR AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY AND ALSO ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS METHOD. THERMAL BEHAVIOR AND STABILITY, SOLUBILITY, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTALLINITY OF PolyMERS WERE STUDIED.

NOVEL SEPIOLITE-BASED Poly (SULFONE ETHER IMIDE) S NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS WERE PREPARED BY IN-SITU PolyMERIZATION VIA DIRECT PolyCONDENSATION OF A NOVEL DIAMINE CONTAINING SULFONE AND ETHER GROUPS WITH HEXAFLUOROISOPROPYLIDENE DIPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE IN DIMETHYLACETAMIDE (DMAC) AS SOLVENT.IN THIS WAY, A NOVEL SULFONE ETHER DIAMINE WAS PREPARED BY A THREE-STEP SYNTHETIC ROUTE.AT FIRST, 4- (4-NITROPHENOXY) PHENOL WAS PRODUCED FROM REACTION OF 1-FLUORO-4-NITROBENZENE WITH HYDROQUINONE. IN THE SECOND STEP, NO2 WAS REDUCED TO NH2 GROUP USING HYDRAZINE HYDRATE AND PD/ACTIVATED CARBON CATALYST AND 4- (4-AMINOPHENOXY) PHENOL WAS SYNTHESIZED. IN THE FINAL STEP 4- (4-AMINOPHENOXY) PHENOL WAS REACTED WITH 4, 4’-DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE (SCHEME 1).THE PROCESS INVOLVED DISPERSION OF SEPIOLITE IN Poly (AMIC ACID) SOLUTION FOLLOWED BY THERMAL IMIDIZATION TO GET ULTIMATE NANOCOMPOSITES. THE STRUCTURE OF SYNTHESIZED COMPOUNDS, MONOMER, AND PREPARED PolyMERS WAS CHARACTERIZEDUSING 1H-NMR AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY AND ALSO ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS METHOD. THERMAL BEHAVIOR AND STABILITY, SOLUBILITY, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTALLINITY OF SAMPLES WERE STUDIED. PolyMERS SHOWED HIGH HEAT RESISTANT AND ALSO IMPROVED SOLUBILITY TOGETHER WITH GOOD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES [1].

ONE OF THE BEST AND POPULAR METHODS TO FARBRICATE NANO SCALE FIBER IS ELECTROSPINNING. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS; N, N-DIMETHYLACETAMID, N, N-DIMETHYL FORMAMID, DIMETHYL SULFOXID AND N-METHYL PYRROLIDONE ON Poly (ETHER-SULFONE) ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS AND TEMPERATURE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION WERE INVESTIGATED. CONCENTRATION 20% WT/WT AND FLOW RATE 0.6 (ML/HR) WERE SELECTED AS PROCESSS PARAMETERS TO GET BEAD-FREE NANOFIBERS. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT DMSO IS THE PROPER SOLVENT AND 28±2OC IS THE EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE.